ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 13, 2026

When More Objectives Make Identification Easier: The Role of Preferences and Feedback

Best-arm identification (BAI) aims to identify the optimal arm using as few samples as possible.

Key points

  • While most existing work focuses on a single objective, many real-world applications involve multiple criteria, which motivates the study of BAI in multi-objective bandits.
  • For Gaussian bandits, we establish a characteristic-time lower bound for fixed-confidence identification that holds uniformly across preference orders.
  • Through explicit comparisons under Pareto, linear, and lexicographic preferences, we reveal three phenomena: (i) identifying a larger optimal set can require fewer samples than identifying a unique optimum; (ii) the advantage of vector feedback over coordinate feedback depends fundamentally on the preference order; and (iii) multi-objective identification can require fewer samples than even the easiest corresponding single-objective problem.
  • Finally, we propose Order-Aware Track-and-Stop (OATS), an algorithm that is correct at any prescribed confidence level and asymptotically matches the lower bound.

Sources (1)

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